Appsc material: AP history-Asaf Jahi dynasty(2)

Salarjung 1 :

Originally Turub Ali Khan. He worked under 3 Nizams: Nazir-ud-dowla, Afzal-ud-dowla, Mir Mahaboob ali khan

His Reforms:
 abolished tax farming system, removed daftardars
appointed talukdars for collecting taxes. they were paid by the state.
central mint was estb. at Hyd. and district mints were abolished.
issued halisikka- standard coin for monetary transactions.
introduced 'zilla bandi' system. state was divided into 14 districts headed by 'awal talukdar'

supreme court- majlis-i-murafa
high court-  mahakam-i- sadar
criminal court- fauzdari adalat
police dept- mahakam-i- kotwali
police force- nizamat
inspector- amin
police station- chowki


1873-madarasa-i-aliya  for noble class
1878-madaras-i- aiza  for king's and his relative's children

1868- Madras to Sholapur road
          Madras to Bombay railway line

The induction of large number of outsiders into the adminidtration of the State led to to the friction between local people and outsiders(Mulki Movement) during the rule of Mir Mahaboob Ali Khan

Salarjung succeeded in getting Osmanabad and Raichur in 1860.

He died in 1883.



Operation Polo(sep 13-17th 1948)
Reason for Police Action on Hyderabad- Nizam violated the Standstill Agreement
Operation was headed by Gen JN Choudhary.
Air Vice Marshal Mukharjee became chief of Air Force
Nizam's Commander- L Edrus
Razakars also helped the Nizam but were suppressed by the army.

Military Govt under JN Choudhary continued till 1949 Dec.
Nizam's PM Mir Layak Ali and Razakar's leader Qasim Rizvi fled to Pakistan.

Nizam was considered as Raj Pramukh.

IN 1950, MK Vellodi was aoppinted as CM of Hyderabad. He continued till 1952.

In General elections (1952), B. Ramakrishna Rao was elected as CM of Hyd.

Appsc material: AP history-Asaf Jahi dynasty

Asaf jahi dynasty: Nawabs of Hyderabad

Nizam-ul-mulk(1724-1748):
Founder of Hyderabad State. His original name- Mir Qumaruddin Khan Chin Qilich Khan
He worked under Moghul emperor mohd. Shah and became independent in 1724.
He estb. Azaf Jahi dynasty.
His titles- Azaf Jah, Nizam ul mulk , Fathe jung

Nazzer jung(1748-51)
S/O Nizam ul Mulk
Muzzaffar jung(Nizam ul mulk's grandson), French plotted against him and met kurnool kadapa Nawab Ruhimath Khan to kill Nazzer jung. He was killed in 1751.
Muzzaffer Jung while proceeding to Hyderabad from Pondicherry was murdered at Rayachoti.

Salabath Jung(1751-61)
Brother of Nazzer Jung. He came to power with the help of French Commander Bussee.

Nizam Ali Khan(1762-1803)
1st ruler of Hyd State to use the title "Nizam"
English with the help of Kandregula jogipantulu concluded a treaty with Nizam in 1766. By this treaty company got circars.
In 1788, with the efforts of Cornwallis, Guntur came under the control of Company.
By subsidiary alliance, Ceded districts were given to English.
He estb arms factory at Gunfoundry with the help of  French officer Raymond.

Sikandar Jha (1803-1829)
Lord Wellesley forced a new treaty on him according to which the Nizam was forced to place his forces at the disposal of the company.
English controlled the administration by appointing diwans of their choice.
Army and finance dept. came under the control of British Resident stationed at hyderabad.
On his name Secunderabad developed.

Nazir-ud-dowla(1829-1857)
Wahabi movement was started by Syed Ahmad against British
In 1853, Nizam was forced to sign the treaty of Berar according to which the Nizam ceded the province of Berar, Osmanabad and Raichur to the Company.

Afzalud-dowla(1857-1869)
1857 revolt took place during his period. He supported the British and got the title "Star of India" from Davidson.

Mir Mahaboob Ali Khan(1869-1911)

Mir Osman Ali Khan( 1911-1948)

Appsc material: AP history-Socialists and communists

Communist ideas started during salt satyagraha in 1930.
Hindustan Socialist Republican Army was founded in Madras in 1933. D Bal Ram Reddy, G Dasaratha Rami Reddy were the members.
P Sundarayya was one of the earliest organisers of communist movement in Andhra.
Amir Hyder Khan established Young worker's league in Madras.
In 1934, at kakinada, communist party was estb. P Sundaraiah was the secretary. Govt. imposed ban communist party.
In 1935- Farmer's leader NG Ranga estb Congress Socialist party. Communists joined this party as ban was imposed on communist party.
1938- Ryotu Bandhava NG Ranga conductecd raitu chaitanya yatra from ichapuram to Madras.
1939- socialist party became communist party

Sri Sri - Mahaprasthanam
Krovvudi Linga Raju- Amma (Translation of Maxim Gorki's Mother)
vidwaan Vishwam- Paapam na hrudayam
Mulk Raj Anand- Untouchable, coolie
Gopichand- Asamardhuni jeevita yatra

News papers:
Maddari Chandra shekar rao- Navashakti
NG Ranga- Chitragupta, vahini, prajabandhu
Tapi Dhramarao- Janavani


Andhra university- 1926- vijayawada. 1st VC- Cattamanchi Ramalinga Reddi
Rayalaseema Mahasabha- 1934- started by CL Narsimha Reddy, K Subramanyam

Sri bagh pact b/w circar and rayalseema in 1937 in Madras

Appsc material: AP history- freedom struggle in Andhra (3)

1921-22 : Chirala Perala Movement:
These villages in Guntur were converted into separate muncipalities and a tax of Rs 40000/- was imposed.
Under the leadership of Andhra Ratna Duggirala Gopalakrishnaih, people refused to pay the muncipal taxes.
Gopalakrishnaih formed an association called 'Ramdandu'.
Chirala Perala was vacated and a village 'Ramanagar ' was constructed.
Gandhiji visited Chirala Perala on 6th April 1921 along with K Venkatappaih
 Gopalakrishnaih attended a meeting in Orissa. There he was arrested and the movement was suppressed.

1921- Palnadu Pullari satyagraha:
leader- Kanneganti Hanumanthu.
cattle were not allowed into the forest
 Kanneganti Hanumanthu was shot dead.

1922- Pedanandipadu no tax campaign:
led by Andhra Sivaji-Parvataneni Veeraih Choudary
cause- little pay and too much of work for the officials
Veeraih Choudary toured 100 villages and asked the village officers to resign and people not to pay the taxes. He started santi sena
British officer described it as an "attempted revolution". He arrested Veeraih Choudary and took a letter from him stating that if he starts any movement he will be shot dead.
 On advice of Gandhiji Veeraih Choudary stopped the movement.
This campaign shook the foundations of British administration in Madras.

1922-24- Rampa Rebillion:
causes- oppressive attitude of taluk officer
            forest reservation policy
            muttadar system

Alluri sitaramaraju visited Chittagong(East Bengal) and came to know the revelutionary ideas.
His associates- Gam Mallu Dora, Gam Gantam dora, Aggi raju
In 1922 they attacked Chintapalli police station
Later they looted many police stations and killed many police officers.
To capture Alluri, Rutherford was appointed. Under him were Major Gundal and Jamedar Kanchumenon
On may 7th, 1924, Alluri was captured by Kanchumenon and shot dead by Gundal

1923- Swaraj Party:
In Andhra : President- VV Ramdas
                  Secretary- Unnava Laxmi Narayana
                   Treasurer- G Harisarvottam
1927- Simon Commission:
In Madras Tangaturi Prakasam and K Nageswar Rao led the movement against the simon commission.
Here Prakasam got the title 'Andhra Kesari'
Guntur and ongole were the two towns for the commission's visit.

1930- Civil disobedience movement:
Gandhiji said for the success of this movement he depended on 3 provinces: Andhra, Bihar and Gujrat
Erneni Subramanyam was one of the 78 followers in Dandi March
Gandhiji appointed Konda Venkatappaih as the dictator of salt satyagraha in Andhra.
In Andhra, on 6th April ,1930- salt was made in Machilipatnam. The leaders who participated were:
A Kaleshwar Rao, M Krishna Rao,
In Guntur- K Venkatappaih, Unnava laxminarayana
  Kakinada- Bulusu Samba Murthy
  Vishakapatnam- Thenneti Vishwanatham
  Nellore- Sesha Reddy, Bejawada Gopal Reddy
  Rayalaseema- Kalluri Subba Rao( led the anti drinking campaign in Anantapur)

One of the satyagrahis who died in Nellore jail was Danda Narayan Raju

1937 july 14th - The 1st congress ministry came to power in Madras headed by Rajgopalachari
                       from Andhra T Prakasam(Revenue), B Gopal Redddy, VV Giri were taken into the ministry.

Appsc material: AP history- freedom struggle in Andhra (2)

Rajahmundry college incident: 1907
Mark William Hunter was the principal of Govt. Arts college.
Gadicharla Harisarvottam Rao was suspended from the college for singing vandemataram.
He named the ceded districts as Rayalaseema in 1928

Gadicharla Harisarvottam Rao and Bodi Narayan Rao were the 1st political sufferers in Andhra who went to jail during Vandemataram Movement.

Kakinada Riot Case :1907
Dr Kemp , a district medical officer , assaulted Kompalli Krishna Rao.
N. Subba Rao was his lawyer
Raghupati Venkatratnam Naidu gave the evidence.
Kemp was transferred to Cuddapah
This was the 1st criminal case in Andhra

Kotappa Konda incident: 1909 feb 18, shivaratri
Chinappa Reddy

Gadar Party was started by Lala Hardayal in 1913. Darshi Chenchaih from Andhra joined the party.

Andhra Mahasabhas for separate Andhra:
 
Year         Place                   President
1913         Bapatla                BN Sarma
1914         Vijayawada          N Subba Rao
1915         Vizag                    P RajaRammohan Raya
1916         Kakinada             M Ramachandra Rao
1917         Nellore                 Konda Venkatappaih

Hindu desha daridryam was written by Attili Suryanarayana to popularise swadeshi movement

Home Rule Movement : 1916
In Andhra branch G Harisarvottam Rao was the secretary. He translated "Awake Mother" of Sarojini Naidu into "Nutana Haindava Matrugeetam".
His pamphlets- swarajya paramoddesamu, swatantravardhana patramu, swarajyamu korutaku karanamu

Annie Besant estb. National college at Madanapalli in may 1916( Besant Theosophical college) with JH Cousins as principal.

The first Justice Party Ministry was formed on 17th Dec 1920 and Subburatulu Reddiyar as Chief Minister It won 63 out of 98 elected seats of the Madras Legislative Assembly.

In 1921 Congress special meeting was held in Vijayawada. Shaukhat Ali was the chairperson.
Gandhiji, Kasturba Gandhi, Jawaharlal Nehru etc attended the meeting.
Tricolor flag of  Pingali Venkaih was accepted.
Gandhiji distributed one lakh charkas.
Tilak swaraj fund was estb.
Maganti Annapurnamma donated her jewellery of one lakh to the fund. Yamini Purnatilakam(dancer) gave up her profession and donated her property.

Appsc material: AP history- freedom struggle in Andhra

Freedom struggle in Andhra:

INC was established by  A.O Hume in 1885. Dufferin was the viceroy.
1st meeting was held at Gokuldastejpal Sanskrit College, Bombay. Presided over by WC Banarjee.
It was attended by 72 people from Andhra.
In 1891, P Anandacharyulu presided over the INC meeting at Nagpur Session( 1st man to preside from andhra)
Krishna District Association/ Congress sabha was started in 1892 by Ramaswamy Gupta in Guntur
In 1902, Konda Venkatappaih and Dasu Narayana Shastri started Krishna Patrika from Machilipatnam. Editor was Mutnuri Krishna Rao

Vandemataram Movement : 1905
Adipudi Somanatha Rao wrote history of Japan in Telugu and dedicated it to Raja of Munagala.
Srirama Veerabhadram wrote a drama- Japaneeyamu
Raja of Munagala named his sons- Togo and Nogi
Participation of students in the movement was an important feature.
Swadeshi league was formed by Nyayapati Subba Rao and Venkata Ramana Rao.

Bipin Chandra Pal's tour:
Pal toured Andhra in April 1907. It was organised by Mutnuri Krishna Rao.
He 1st visited Vijayanagaram and Vishakapatnam.
In Kakinada he gave lectures on Vedanta and swaraj
In Vijayawada he was guest of Raja of Munagala
His speeches were translated into telugu by Chilakamarthi Laxminarsimham.
In Machilipatnam he spoke about the importance of Durga Puja. He was guest of Ramdas Naidu
He laid the foundation of National college in Machilipatnam.
The principal of Andhra Jateeya Kalasala was K Hanumantha Rao.

The tone and content of telugu newspapers underwent a great change after the Pal's tour.
Machilipatnam and Rajahmundry were the important centres of Swadeshi movement in Andhra.

In Madras, T Prakasam and K Nageshwar Rao led the movement

APPSC material: AP History- Renaissance in Andhra

Renaissance in Andhra:

Kandakuri Veeresalingam Pantulu (1848-1919)- Father of renaissance in Andhra
He wrote Rajashekara charitam(1st novel in telugu)- based on Vikar of Vakefield.
Translated Gulliver's travel(Johnnathan Swift) into telugu- Satyaraja purvadesha yatra

Drama- Brahmavivaham

His newspapers: vivekavardhini( 1st paper), satyavadhini, telugu janana, hasya sanjeevani, sathihithabodhini, satyasamvardhini, chintamani

He estb a girl's school at Dhavaleswaram in 1874. Kokkanda Venkatratnam pantulu opposed education for women and published articles in "Andhrabhasha sanjivini" and "Purusharadapradayani"

For the services rendered by Kandukuri, Rajamuhndry college Principal Mectaffe praised him

Performed 1st widow remarriage in Andhra . Sriramulu- Sitamma on 11th Dec 1881 in Rajamuhndry.
Built widow's homes at Madras and Rajamuhndry.
Started schools for harijans, night schools for working class.
Intoduced co-ed in Andhra.

His titles:
Rao Bahadur- by British
Gadya Tikanna
Andhra Vaitalika
Gadya Vajmayibrahma
South Indian Iswar Chandra Vidyasagar- by MG Ranade

Raghupati Venkat Ratnam Naidu:
He was Principal of Mahaboob college, secunderabad
He was called Kulapti, Brahmarshi
He estb Sanghika Suddhi Samaj in 1891
His papers- Brahmaprakashika, Fellow worker, People's friend


Unnava Laxmi Narayana- estb Guntur Vitantu Saranalayam in 1902.
                                                - started Sarada Niketan School for girls
                                                - wrote Malapalli novel

Gurujada Appa Rao- Diddubatu

1st telugu journal to be published - satyadoota by Christian Association of Bellary in 1835 from Madras.
To counteract the propaganda of christian missionaries, 'Tatwabodhini' was started by Veda Samaj of Madras in 1864.
Vedasamaj was estb by V Rajagopalacharyulu, Subbaraya Setty
1st telugu political news weekly- Andhra Prakashika (1885) by Parthasarathi Naidu

Gajula Laxminarsimha Chetty- English weekly- Crescent
                                              Chennapatnam Swadeshi sangham

Madras Mahajana Sabha (1884) President- P Rangaih
                                                   Secretary- P Anandacharyulu