appsc material: AP history- Vijayanagara empire

Thuluva dynasty:

Thuluva Narsanayaka -founder

Srikrishna Devaraya ( 1509-1529)

Titles: Andhraboja, sangeeta sahitya samarangana sarvabhauma, mururayaraganda
          Yavanarajyasthapanacharya-for rstoring the Sultan Mohd Shah to power

Royal court- Bhuvana Vijayam( previously-venkatavilasamandapam)

Ashta diggajas lived in his court.

Allasani Pedanna  - manucharitra
Nandi Timanna-      Parijatapaharanamu
Mallanna                Rajashekaracharita
Durjati        --         Srikalahastishwaramahatyam
                              Srikalahastishwarasatakam
Rambhadra     -       Ramabhyudayam
Tenali Ramakrishna- Panduranga mahatyam
                                Udbotaradhyacharita
                               Ghatikachalamahatyam
Bhattu murthy       -  Vasu charitra
Pingali surana       -  Kalapurnodayam
                               Raghava pandaveeyam

Vemana lived in this period

Srikrishna Devaraya wrote:
Amuktamalyada(sanskrit)- vishnuchittiyam(telugu)
Madalasa charitra
Jambavati parinayam
Usha  parinayam
Satyavadhu parinayam

He constructed temples in Hampi- Ramaswamy, Krishnaswamy, Vittalswamy(pillars give saptaswara)

Built gopurams for Srikalahasti,Srisailam, Tirupati, Hazara ramaswamy temples.

Nagalapuram(TN) was constructed in memory of his mother Nagamamba.

Portuguese travellers Domingo Paes, Nuniz,Barbosa visited vijayanagara

He maintained good relations with Portuguese. They gave training to the army of Vijayanagara.

His guru-Vyasarayalu
His wife- Tirumala Devi

Rayalseema - Land of Srikrishnadevaraya
His period- Golden age of Vijayanagara
Victory pillar-Potnur

appsc material-AP history: Vijayanagara empire

Vijayanagara Empire (1336-1680)

Founded by Harihara, Bukka Rayalu.
They lived in the court of Prataparudra 11 of Kakatiya Kingdom.

In 1323 Juna Khan(Mohd bin tughlaq) invaded kakatiya kingdom.Prataparudra 11 committed suicide while being taken to Delhi.
Hari hara, Bukkaraya fled to Kampili.

In 1328 Juna Khan attacked Kampili & Kampili RAyalu was defeated. Harihara, Bukkarayalu were captured and converted to Islam. They were taken to Daulatabad.

In 1331 a revolt started in Kampili against Tughlaq. To supress the revolt, Tughlaq sent Harihara, Bukkarayalu.

With the blessings of Vidyaranya Swamy, they reconverted to Hinduism.They established the kingdom of Vijayanagara Empire on the banks of river Tungabhadra with the capital Anegondi.

Four dynasties ruled Vijayanagara Empire
1. sangama (1336-1485)
2. Saluva (1485-1505)
3. Tuluva ( 1505-1570)
4. araveti (1570-1680)

Sangama dynasty:
Named after Harihara, Bukkarayalu's father sangama.

Hari hara Rayalu:
1st ruler.
He laid the foundation of vidyanagar. Later it became vijayanagara. Bukkarayalu completed the construction of vijanagara. capital was shifted from Anegondi to Vijayanagara.

Bukkarayalu:
Real architect of vijayanagara empire.
His titles- Maharajadhiraja, Rajaparameshwara, Lord of 3 seas, Vedamargapratisthaspaka.
Constructed steps for Mallikarjuna Swamy temple.
His son - Kumarakampa Rayalu ( wife- Ganga Devi)

Ganga Devi wrote Madhura vijayam

Devaraya 1 :
Constructed dam on Tungabhadra.
Gave his daughter in marriage to Feroz shah Bahamani.
Nicole de Conti an Itallian traveller visited Vijayanagara.

Devaraya 11 :
Greatest ruler of Sangama dynasty.
Also called Praudadevaraya.
his title- Gajabetakara
wrote- Mahanataka sudhanidhi
kept 'quran ' in the court.
Allowed muslims in the army.
Honoured srinada kavi with the title " Kavisarvabhauma" on defeating his court poet Dindima Bhattu.
Made reforms like discontinuation of varasulka.

Jain temple was erected in the capital at Pansupari bazar.

Persian/Arab- Abdur Razak- gives an account of Mahanavami festival.

Saluva Dynasty:
saluva Narsanayaka
Saluva Thimmarayalu
Immadi Narsimha

appsc material-AP history: Reddy Kingdom

Reddy Kingdom (1325-1424)

Capital- Addenki
They originally belonged to agricultural family
They were called "Pantakapu", Desati dynasty.
Kondavedu Reddys originally worked under Kakatiyas of Warangal.

Prolayavema Reddy- founder

Constructed big forts for the security of the kingdom
Dharanikota
Chandravolu
Vinukonda
Kondavidu
Bellamkonda

Avachi Tippaya setty was his banker and financed him for building steps to Srisailam, Patalaganga and Ahobilam.

Yerrapragada lived in his court. He translated 1/2 parvam (Aranyakanda) of Mahabharath.
Books (telugu): Uttara harivamsam
Narsimha puranam
Ahobilakshetra mahatyam

Ritles: Sambudasa
Prabandha Parameshwara

Anapotha Reddy:
Title: Veranna vothu
He was defeated in the hands of Madha Nayaka in the battle of Dhanyakataka
Shifted capital to Kondaveedu(kundinapura)
Motupalli charter abolished all taxes leived on foreign merchants.

Inscription- Abhayashasanam(in telugu, tamil, sanskrit)

Anavema Reddy:
Celebrated vasanthothsavam. Hence was called Karpura Vasantharayalu

Kumaragiri Reddy:
He wrote Vasantarajeeyam(art of dancing)

"Lakuma" a dancer lived in his court.

He made his bro-in-law,kataya vema his PM. Divided the kingdom into two halves.

KAtayavema wrote Kumaragirirajeeyam.His title-Katakacherukara.

Pedakomati vema Reddy:
His title- Sarvanga chakravarthy.
books- Sangeeta chintamani
            sahitya chintamani
            sapthasatha chintamani
            shrunagara deepika
             Amarakosa vyakyanam

Srinadha kavi wrote- Naishada kavya
                                 Palnadu viracharitra
                                 Panditaradhya charita
                                 sivaratri mahatyam
                                 Harivilasa
                                 Bhimakhanda
                                 Kashikhanda
                                 Sringara naishadam
                                 Maruttarat charitra
Later he was in the court of Verrabhadra Reddy(Rajamuhndry)

Rachavema Reddy:
Last ruler of Reddy kingdom
He imposed Puruti sunkam.
Balija leader Savaram Ellaiah stabbed and killed him.


Reddy kingdom maintained council of ministers.
Besides four castes another caste Chanalas(lowest in social order ) existed.

Dominating religion-Pasupati Saivism.

Symbol- Lion

Kapayanayaka titles- Andhra deshadhishwara
                                 Andhra suratrana.

Yakshagana- drama




  

APPSC material AP history

kakatiyas of warangal

There existed nayankars to maintain law and order.
Agriculture was the main profession.1/6th tax was collected.
offficials were niyogis(72 in no.) They were called bahattara. Head of behattara was called Niyogadhipati.
Provincial administration by feudatories.
Village was administered by ayyagars.
Nagara and Mahajana- village councils.
Paradesi nakaram/nanadesi nakaram used to conduct foreign trade.

Pradavivakas were the judges.
city courts- Pratistitha courts
village courts- aprattistitha courts

Caste associations - samya sabhas

Machilipatnam, Ghantasala -seaports
Marcopolo visited Motupalli port(Desiyakondapattanam) during the reign of Rudramadevi.

During the time of Prolaraju 1 agriculture developed a lot because of tanks. He constructed tanks at vemulawada, karpakhti,warangal.

Pakala cheruvu was constructed by Mummadi Naidu
Ramappa tank by Recharla Rudra
Lakkavaram tank by Ganapati Deva
Kundasamudram Tank by Kundamamba


Taxes:

Tax in kind(grains)- Puttikoluchu
tax in cash- Puttivahindi
for Prince- Dogaraja tax
to maintain army- Padayeru tax
to maintain foreign affairs-sandhi vigraha tax
on cattle-ashtapatta tax
house tax- illadira
grazing tax- pullari
Prostitution tax- Ganacharya

Panditaradya charita written by Palakurki Somanatha gives account of taxes and variety of cloths during that time.

Religion:

Early members of Kakatiya dynasty belonged to Jains of Digambara sect. They built Padmakshi temple in Hanamkonda.

Prolaraju 11 embraced Saivism with the help of Rameshwara panditha.

Sripoti, Sivalanka Manchana and Mallikarjuna Panditaradhya made Siva cult popular in Andhra.

Remarkable period for Saiva religion- Ganapati Deva reign.

Literature:
sankskrit:

Vidyanatha -    Prataparudra yashobhushanam
Agastya     -     Balabharatam
Jayapasenani -  Nrutya Ratnavali
                        Geeta Ratnavali
                        Vaidya Ratnavali
Mallu Bhatta  -  Niroshtya Ramayana
Ravipati Tripurantaka - Premabhiramam
Vinukonda Vallabhamatya-kreedabhiramam
Rudradeva    -  Nitisastra

Telugu:

Tikanna(Kavi Brahma)- Nirvachanota Ramayanam
                                     Andhra Mahabharatam
Ketana  -                      Dasakumaracharitam
                                     Andhra Bhashabhushanam
Maranna             -         Markandeyapuranam
Manchana           -        Keyuru bahu charitra
singana               -         sakala neeti sammatam
Bhaskara            -         Bhaskara Ramayanam
Narsimhudu        -        Kadambari Kalyanam
Palakurki Somanatha - Panditaradya charitra
                                   Basavapuranam(dwipada)
                                     Vrishodipastakam
Nanne choda        -      Kumarasambhavam
Badenna             -        Sumati Shatakam

Prabandha, staka - new styles of telugu poetry appeared.

Art and Architecture:

1000 pillars temple(1162 AD)/Rudreshwara temple- built by Prataparudra 1 by keeping the idols of Shiva, vishnu and Aditya

Siddeswara temple, Swayabhu temple, Padmakshi temple( Ellora statue style) -Prolaraju 11

Ramappa temple(Palampet, 1213 AD)- Recharla Rudra
                                                                    commander of Ganapatideva
                                                               his titles:Kakatirajyabharadaureya, Kakatirajyasamartha

Beteshwara temple (Hanamkonda)- Betharaju 11

Paintings appeared in Pillalmarri, Palampet, Ghanpur temples

Perinisivathandavam- dance style.

ap history: AP history 2nd chapter

ap history: AP history 2nd chapter: Kakatiyas of Warangal (1008-1323) They worshipped Kakatamma . Started administration from Kakatipuram. 1st mentioned in Danaranava Magallu...

AP history 2nd chapter

Kakatiyas of Warangal(1008-1323)

They worshipped Kakatamma . Started administration from Kakatipuram. 1st mentioned in Danaranava Magallu inscription.

According to Bayyaram tank inscription they originally belonged to Ratta or Rashtrakuta dynasty. They were sudras.

They 1st entered Andhra  during the time of Gundaya and his son Eraya as commanders of Rashtrakutas. in 9th and 10th century.

Capital --Hanamkonda
later warangal- also called Orugallu, Ekashilanagaram, Andhramahanagaram.

Inscriptions           -   given by
Bayyaram tank        --    Mylamba
Magallu                  -    Danarnava
Kazipet                   -   Durgaraju
Hanamkonda          -  Rudradeva   -Written by Abhinendra in Sanskrit
Motupalli                -   Ganapatideva
Bidar                      -  Rudramadevi
Malkapuram           - Rudramadevi  -  gives information about Pasupati school of Saivism


Kakatiyas for the 1st time united Andhradesa- Andhra, Rayalseema, Telangana


Kakartya-gundaya --real founder of the kingdom

Betharaju-1 --kakatipuradhinetha,kakatipuravallabha

Prolaraju 1 - harigajakesari

Betharaju 11 -Mahamandaleshwara- Hanumakonda became the capital

Rudradeva (Prataparudra 1)- laid the foundation for the fort in warangal.
                                              Malik kafur attacked in 1310
                                              Died in the hands of Jaitrapala

Ganapatideva  -  Greatest ruler of kakatiyas
                          conquered kalinga, kanchi
                          shifted capital to warangal
                          his rajguru- Visveshwara sivacharya
                          head of elephantry- Jayapa Senani
                          head of charriots - Gangaya Senani
                         Governors- nayaks

Rudramadevi-     Rudradeva Maharaja, Rayagajakesari
                         only woman to rule Andhradesa
                         husband- Nidadavolu veerabhadra
                         killed in the hands of Kayasta Amba Devi- evident from Chandupatala inscription

Prataparudra 11- new settlements were encouraged in forest clearings in Rayalseema
                           Juna khan(mohd bin tughlaq) attacked in 1323.
                          committed suicide while being taken to Delhi